Volvo V70 Complaints
934 consumer complaints on file.
- #10629022August 28, 2014FUEL/PROPULSION SYSTEM
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2005 VOLVO V70. WHILE THE VEHICLE WAS UNDERGOING MAINTENANCE, IT WAS DISCOVERED THAT THE FUEL LINES WERE HANGING AND THE PLASTIC COVER HAD DETACHED. THE DEALER RECOMMENDED REPLACING THE FUEL LINE COVER. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED. THE APPROXIMATE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 81,000. UPDATED 10/07/14*LJ THE CONSUMER STATED PRIOR MODEL YEARS WERE RECALLED. UPDATED 3/24/2015*JS
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10622384August 14, 2014FUEL SYSTEM, GASOLINE
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2002 VOLVO V70. THE CONTACT STATED THAT FUEL FUMES WERE EMITTED IN AN AROUND THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO AN INDEPENDENT MECHANIC. THE TECHNICIAN DIAGNOSED THAT THE FUEL PUMP FRACTURED AND NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. ALSO, THE TECHNICIAN NOTIFIED THE CONTACT OF RECALL NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 09V483000 (FUEL SYSTEM, GASOLINE). THE MANUFACTURER WAS MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE BUT REFUSED TO PROVIDE ANY ASSISTANCE SINCE THE VIN WAS NOT INCLUDED IN THE RECALL. THE DEALER WAS NOT MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE VEHICLE NOT REPAIRED. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 164,000.
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10610402July 14, 2014VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2002 VOLVO V70. WHEN THE CONTACT STARTED THE VEHICLE AND THE RPMS INCREASED TO 6,000. ADDITIONALLY, THE VEHICLE ACCELERATED INDEPENDENTLY. AN INDEPENDENT MECHANIC STATED THAT THE THROTTLE BODY WAS DEFECTIVE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE VEHICLE WAS REPAIRED ACCORDING TO NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 06V441000 (VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL) IN JULY OF 2007 FOR THE SAME DEFECT. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED AGAIN AND THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 120,000.
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10610500July 14, 2014FUEL SYSTEM, GASOLINE
CAR STALLS DIES IN TRAFFIC. *TR
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10608955July 8, 2014POWER TRAIN
WHEN COMING TO A STOP AND THE TRANSAXLE DOWNSHIFTS FROM 3RD TO 2ND GEAR, IT WILL LURCH AND A LOUD 'CLUNK' SHAKES THE VEHICLE. THIS ALSO OCCURS WHEN ACCELERATING, SHIFTING FROM 1ST GEAR TO 2ND GEAR; THE TRANSAXLE WILL HESITATE, ENGINE WILL REV AND MAKES A LOUD 'CLUNK' THAT SHAKES THE VEHICLE WHEN THE GEAR CHANGE FINALLY OCCURS. ALSO, IF I NEED TO STEP ON THE BRAKES SUDDENLY AND THEN RE-ACCELERATE, IT REALLY MAKES A LOUD 'CLUNK' AS THE ENGINE WILL REV AND GO NOWHERE, EVENTUALLY SLAMMING ITSELF INTO 2ND GEAR AND FRIGHTENING THE OCCUPANTS OF THE VEHICLE DUE TO THE LOUD NOISES AND LURCHING. *JS
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10606947June 30, 2014VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 1999 VOLVO V70. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE VEHICLE STALLED INTERMITTENTLY. THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED TO AN INDEPENDENT MECHANIC, WHO DIAGNOSED THAT THE ETM NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE VEHICLE WAS INCLUDED IN NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 06V441000 (VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL); HOWEVER, THE MANUFACTURER AND LOCAL DEALER INDICATED THAT THE TIMEFRAME HAD EXPIRED TO RECEIVE THE RECALL REPAIR, EVEN IF THE MILEAGE WAS LESS THAN 200,000. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED AND THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED. THE APPROXIMATE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 112,000.
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10598744June 17, 2014ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, ENGINE, STEERING
OUR VOLVO HAD THE EXACT SAME IGNITION ISSUES AS HAVE BEEN CALLED OUT IN THE RECENT GM IGNITION RECALL. OUR CAR WOULD MYSTERIOUSLY TURN OFF WHILE DRIVING FOR NO APPARENT REASON. THIS HAPPENED MANY TIMES, LUCKILY WITH ANY ACCIDENTS. WE BROUGHT THE CAR IN TO VOLVO NUMEROUS TIMES FOR SERVICE, BUT THEY COULD NEVER FIND THE CAUSE OF THE PROBLEM, OTHER THAN TO SUGGEST THAT PERHAPS OUR KEY RING WAS TOO HEAVY. WE NEVER RESOLVED THE ISSUE. AS I READ ABOUT THE GM ISSUES IT WAS EXACTLY WHAT WE EXPERIENCED WITH OUR CAR. JUST THOUGHT SOMEBODY MIGHT WANT TO KNOW. *TR
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10598019June 13, 2014AIR BAGS, SEATS, ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
SRS WARNING LIGHT ILLUMINATED AT APPROXIMATELY 70,000 MILES, 4.5 YEARS AFTER PURCHASING VOLVO DIRECTLY FROM THE FACTORY IN SWEDEN. THE LIGHT REMAINED ON FOR A FEW DAYS, THEN TURNED OFF. THIS OCCURRED REGULARLY FOR 4 MONTHS UNTIL THE LIGHT REMAINED ON INDEFINITELY. WHEN I FINALLY TOOK THE VEHICLE IN FOR SERVICING, THE ERROR CODE INDICATED A FAULTY OCCUPANT WEIGHT SENSOR (OWS) EMBEDDED IN THE PASSENGER SEAT. THE PASSENGER AIR BAG WILL NO LONGER DEPLOY IN THE EVENT OF AN ACCIDENT BECAUSE THE SENSOR WILL NO LONGER IDENTIFY A PASSENGER IN THE CAR. IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THIS ALSO DISABLES THE DRIVER (PRIMARY) AIR BAG, AS WELL AS THE SIDE AIR BAGS. I CONTACTED VOLVO USA SHORTLY AFTER THE 5 YEAR MANUFACTURER WARRANTY EXPIRED AND THEY EMPHATICALLY CLAIMED THAT THIS EGREGIOUS SAFETY ISSUE WAS NO LONGER THEIR CONCERN. RESPECTFULLY, PLEASE NOTE THAT DUE TO THIS FAULTY OWS THE CAR IS EXTREMELY DANGEROUS TO OPERATE AND THAT VOLVO SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR FIXING THIS ERROR. *JS
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10597456June 10, 2014FUEL SYSTEM, GASOLINE
WHEN THE VEHICLE IS DRIVING AT ANY SPEED AND THE ACCELERATOR PEDAL IS PUSHED DOWN, THERE IS OFTEN A LOSS OF POWER AND THE VEHICLE WILL NOT MOVE FORWARD FOR UP TO 5 TO 10 SECONDS. THERE IS A RECALL ON THIS YEAR AND MODEL ALREADY BUT MY SPECIFIC VEHICLE WITH MY VIN IS NOT COVERED. HOWEVER OUR VEHICLE IS DOING THE EXACT SAME THING AS THE VEHICLES THAT HAVE BEEN RECALLED. I HAVE SPOKEN TO VOLVO BUT THEY HAVE BEEN UNWILLING TO WORK WITH US TO REPAIR THE VEHICLE. I FEEL AS THOUGH THE PREVIOUS RECALL SHOULD HAVE BEEN EXPANDED BUT I AM UNSURE. THANK YOU *TR
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10594841May 29, 2014ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
2006 VOLVO V70 2.5T, 100K MILES. IGNITION CYLINDER JAMS RENDING THE VEHICLE INOPERABLE. THE INTERNET IS FULL OF SIMILAR INSTANCES. A DISABLED VEHICLE IS DANGEROUS. THE IGNITION CYLINDER IS DEFECTIVE AND SHOULD HAVE BEEN SUBJECT TO RECALL YEARS AGO. *TR
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10593671May 23, 2014AIR BAGS
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 VOLVO V70 STATION WAGON. THE CONTACT STATED WHILE SITTING IN TRAFFIC, THE VEHICLE WAS CRASHED INTO FROM THE REAR. THE PASSENGER AND DRIVERS SIDE AIR BAGS DID NOT DEPLOY. THE VEHICLE WAS DESTROYED. A POLICE REPORT WAS FILED. THE CONTACT WAS INJURED AND RECEIVED IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED AND DID NOT OFFER A REMEDY. THE VIN WAS NOT AVAILABLE. THE FAILURE AND CURRENT MILEAGE WERE 200,070.
- Crash:
- Yes
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 1
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10593692May 23, 2014SUSPENSION
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 VOLVO V70. THE CONTACT STATED THAT HE WAS REAR ENDED AT 45 MPH AND A VOLVO ADVERTISEMENT INDICATED THAT THE VEHICLE WAS EQUIPPED WITH SPECIAL SEATS TO AVOID SERIOUS INJURIES WHEN A CRASH OCCURRED. WHEN THE CRASH OCCURRED THE CONTACTS HEAD STRUCK THE STEERING WHEEL, BROKE THE STEERING WHEEL, THE HEAD REST AND THE SEAT. THE IMPACT FROM THE REAR END COLLISION CAUSED THE REAR SEATS TO BE PUSHED CLOSER TOWARDS THE FRONT AND REAR PASSENGER SEATS. THE IMPACT ALSO CAUSED DAMAGE TO THE EXTERIOR OF THE VEHICLE INCLUDING A CREASE IN THE ROOF OF THE VEHICLE IN A V-SHAPE. NONE OF THE AIR BAGS DEPLOYED; HOWEVER, THE CONTACT WAS TOLD THAT DURING A REAR END CRASH THE AIR BAGS DO NOT DEPLOY. THE VEHICLE WAS DESTROYED. THE CONTACT WAS UNCONSCIOUS AND ANOTHER DRIVER PASSING BY CALLED THE AMBULANCE ON HIS BEHALF. THE FIREMAN ADVISED THE CONTACT THAT ALTHOUGH HE WAS DRIVING THE VEHICLE THEY FOUND HIM UNCONSCIOUS IN THE BACK SEAT. THE CONTACT SUSTAINED A BROKEN NOSE, A DEVIATED SEPTUM, A SEVERE CASE OF ASTHMA, HEART DISEASE, AND WAS COMPLETELY INCAPACITATED AFTER THE CRASH OCCURRED. THE T7 AND T9 THORACIC VERTEBRAE WERE FRACTURED. THE CRASH HAD CAUSED THE CONTACT TO LIVE WITH A TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. THE MANUFACTURER DISPATCHED A TECHNICIAN TO INSPECT THE VEHICLE AND ADVISED THE CONTACT THAT THERE WAS NOTHING WRONG THE VEHICLE; HOWEVER, HE WOULD NOT PROVIDE THE CONTACT, THE INSURANCE COMPANY OR HIS ATTORNEY WITH COPIES OF THE REPORT OR PHOTOS TAKEN DURING THE INVESTIGATION. A POLICE REPORT WAS FILED. THE VIN WAS NOT PROVIDED. THE CURRENT AND FAILURE MILEAGE WERE 100,000.
- Crash:
- Yes
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 1
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10593680May 23, 2014SEATS
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2000 VOLVO V70. THE CONTACT STATED WHILE THE VEHICLE WAS AT A STOP, THE FRONT SEAT FAILED TO HOLD THE CONTACT IN POSITION CAUSING HIM TO BE REAR ENDED. THE CONTACT WAS INJURED AND RECEIVED IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION. THE VEHICLE WAS DESTROYED. A POLICE REPORT WAS FILED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE AND OFFERED NO REMEDY. THE FAILURE WAS NOT DIAGNOSED BY A DEALER OR LOCAL MECHANIC. THE VIN WAS NOT AVAILABLE. THE FAILURE AND CURRENT MILEAGE WERE 100,000.
- Crash:
- Yes
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 1
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10592530May 19, 2014POWER TRAIN, ENGINE, ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL (ESC), SUSPENSION
I JUST PURCHASED ABOUT 2 MONTHS AGO A 1998 VOLVO V70 USED ON 4/3/2014 FOR 3000.00 . THE VEHICLE DROVE JUST FINE UP UNTIL TWO WEEKS AGO WHERE THE TRANSMISSION SEEMS TO BE SLIPPING. WHILE I WAS RIDING ON I695 AND WAS GOING ABOUT SIXTY MILES PER HOUR WHEN THE CAR JERKED AND CUT OFF, MEANING BLINKING IN AND OUT OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ALONG WITH THE ENGINE AS I WAS PULLING OVER ON THE SHOULDER, WHICH IS TERRIBLY UNSAFE. I ASSUMED AND THOUGHT VOLVO'S WERE GREAT ON MILES AND TRANSMISSION SO I DIDN'T EXPECT IT TO BE HAVING THESE TYPE OF ISSUES. I AM A FIRST TIME VOLVO PURCHASER AND HIGHLY DISAPPOINTED AND IT'S TO EXPENSIVE FOR ALL THE HASSLES. ALL OF THE MINOR ISSUES WERE EXPECTED BECAUSE OF THE VEHICLE BEING A USED CAR. ALSO, I CANNOT EVEN CHECK THE TRANSMISSION FLUID LEVELS IN ORDER TO SEE IF ALL I NEED IS SOME TRANSMISSION FLUID, THE DIPSTICK THAT LEADS TO THE TRANSMISSION IS STUCK, AS IN I HAVE TRIED PULLING, TWISTING AND TURNING BUT TO NO AVAIL. AFTER PURCHASING A 300 DOLLAR KEY PAD FROM THE DEALER I EXPECT MORE FROM THE MANUAL AND AT LEAST TO BE ABLE TO CHECK ALL FLUIDS ON THE VEHICLE. IF THESE MINOR ISSUES DIDN'T EVOLVE INTO MAJOR ISSUES WITH MY VOLVO VEHICLE I WOULD NOT HAVE AN ISSUE. YET THE PROBLEM IS THAT THESE MINOR ISSUES ARE INDEED CAUSING MAJOR REPAIRS WHICH IS SIMPLY UNACCEPTABLE AND CAUSING UNSAFE DRIVING HAZARDOUS SITUATIONS THAT COULD INDEED AFFECT THE LIFE OF MYSELF AND OTHER DRIVERS. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR LISTEN AND HOPEFULLY DIRECTLY ADDRESSING MY CONCERNS. [XXX] INFORMATION REDACTED PURSUANT TO THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552(B)(6). *TR UPDATED 12/8/2014 *JS
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10592111May 17, 2014POWER TRAIN
THE IGNITION IS SHUT OFF MOMENTARILY AS THE TRANSMISSION ATTEMPTS TO DOWNSHIFT CAUSING IT TO SLIP INTO NEUTRAL THEN ENGAGE THE LOWER GEAR HARD AS THE TRANSMISSIONS COMPUTER REESTABLISHES CONTROL. THIS ACTION IS RECORDED ON A VIDEO CAR CAMERA OPERATED BY THE IGNITIONS ON AND OFF POSITION. THE HARD SHIFTING PROBLEM THOUGHT TO BE FIXED BY SOFTWARE UPDATE MAY BE ADDRESSING THE SYMPTOM NOT THE CAUSE. ACCELERATION IS ALSO AFFECTED AT OTHER TIMES WHERE THE FOOT PEDAL IS INOPERABLE, BUT REESTABLISHED WHEN SHUTTING THE IGNITION OFF AND ON. THE DRIVE TRAIN BECOMES WOBBLY AFTER A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME AT HIGHWAY SPEEDS MAKING TRAVEL BETWEEN CITIES UNSAFE. A CLUNKING SOUND FROM THE REAR, AS BROKEN SPRING OR LOOSE BOWLING BALL MAKES, IS HEARD AT TIMES OF MILD ACCELERATION AT LOWER SPEEDS. PERHAPS A GROUNDING STRAP MY ALLEVIATE STATIC BUILDUP IN THE IGNITION SYSTEM. *JS
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10586226May 2, 2014POWER TRAIN, VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL, FUEL SYSTEM, GASOLINE
I STARTED THE CAR, PLACED THE CAR IN DRIVE GEAR AND IDLED THROUGH THE PARKING LOT TRAFFIC TO THE INTERSECTION BUT THE CAR WOULD NOT ACCELERATE THROUGH THE INTERSECTION THOUGH THE CONDITION RESTORED AFTER I PULLED OVER AND TURNED OFF THE IGNITION AND RESTARTED IT. THEN THE ACCELERATOR FUNCTIONED NORMALLY.HAD A SEMI TRUCK BEEN COMING ALONG, I WOULD NOT BE HERE TO WRITE YOU THIS LETTER. *TR
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10585360April 28, 2014ENGINE, VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL
MY VOLVO V70 HAS BEEN DYING IMMEDIATELY AFTER STARTING THE ENGINE AND HAS PROGRESSIVELY GOTTEN WORSE OVER THE LAST 6 MONTHS. HAVE HAD TWO TRIPS TO A MECHANIC WHO REPAIRED A FEW PARTS, BUT IT DIDN'T FIX IT. PROBLEM CONTINUES. RECENTLY, WE WERE DRIVING ON THE HIGHWAY AT ABOUT 65 MPH AND THE CAR SPEED DROPPED TO ABOUT 20 MPH AND COULDN'T GO ANY FASTER AND WE HAD TO PULL OVER. THIS IS A MAJOR SAFETY RISK. NOW THE CAR STARTS AND IMMEDIATELY DIES FOR ABOUT 4-5 TIMES BEFORE IT WILL START AND CONTINUE RUNNING. THERE IS A WHIRRING NOISE COMING FROM THE ELECTRONIC THROTTLE WHEN IT DIES IMMEDIATELY. I TOOK IT TO A VOLVO DEALER AND THEY SAID A RECALL FOR A SOFTWARE UPDATE WAS PERFORMED ON MY CAR IN 2006 TO LOWER THE WEAR INSIDE THE THROTTLE. THEN VOLVO ISSUED A SERVICE CAMPAIGN FOR THE ETM WHEN IT FAILS, BUT THE CAMPAIGN LASTED UNTIL 200,000 MILES OR 10 YEARS. SO EVEN THOUGH THE CAR HAS ONLY 94K MILES AND THE RECALL SOFTWARE WAS INSTALLED ONLY 25K MILES AGO, VOLVO WON'T REPLACE A CRITICAL PART TO THE SAFE OPERATION OF THE VEHICLE BECAUSE THE 10 YEARS HAVE PASSED. SO THE DEALER AND VOLVO REFUSED TO REPLACE THIS PART EVEN THOUGH THE ETM ALREADY HAD A RECALL AND SERVICE CAMPAIGN IN THE PAST. 2 ACTIONS TO ADDRESS A DEFECTIVE PART, BUT VOLVO DIDN'T FIX THE PROBLEM AND I HAVE A BAD PART IN MY VOLVO THAT IS UNSAFE. *JS
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10584598April 24, 2014ENGINE
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2007 VOLVO V70. THE CONTACT STATED THAT WHILE DRIVING APPROXIMATELY 50 MPH, THE ENGINE SUDDENLY STALLED AND SMOKE EMITTED FROM THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT. THE VEHICLE WAS MOVED TO THE SHOULDER WHERE IT CAUGHT ON FIRE. THE VEHICLE WAS DESTROYED. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT DIAGNOSED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE APPROXIMATE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 70,000.
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- Yes
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10583074April 16, 2014FUEL SYSTEM, GASOLINE:DELIVERY:FUEL PUMP
TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2002 VOLVO V70. THE CONTACT STATED THAT FUEL FUMES WERE EMITTED IN THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER. THE TECHNICIAN DIAGNOSED THAT THE FUEL PUMP NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. ALSO, THE DEALER MADE HIM AWARE THAT THE VEHICLE WAS NO LONGER ELIGIBLE FOR REPAIRS UNDER RECALL NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 09V483000 (FUEL SYSTEM, GASOLINE). THE MANUFACTURER WAS MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 170,000 AND THE CURRENT MILEAGE WAS 185,000.
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0
- #10572931March 17, 2014EXTERIOR LIGHTING
THE TURN SIGNAL IS SOMEHOW NOT CONNECTED PROPERLY TO THE VEHICLE. EVERY TIME THE DRIVER USES THE TURN SIGNAL, THE BRIGHTS TO THE CAR GO ON. THIS IS VERY DANGEROUS AT NIGHT ESPECIALLY, AS THE DRIVER FLASHES BRIGHTS TO OTHER DRIVERS AS THE TURN SIGNAL GOES ON WITH THE BRIGHTS TO THE CAR. TRIED TO FIX THE ISSUE ONCE, AND THE SAME ISSUE HAPPENED AGAIN ABOUT TWO YEARS LATER. WILL FIX THE PART AGAIN. *TR
- Crash:
- No
- Fire:
- No
- Injuries:
- 0
- Deaths:
- 0